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This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for Denmark. It describes and analyzes AML/CFT measures in place in Denmark, and provides recommendations on how certain aspects of the system could be strengthened. It also sets out Denmark’s levels of compliance with the Financial Action Task Force Forty (FATF) 40+9 Recommendations. The assessment reveals that Denmark has a solid AML/CFT framework, recently updated with a new AML/CFT law that should provide a sound basis for an effective AML/CFT regime.
46. The Kingdom of Denmark consists of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. Denmark is in northern Europe and borders on the Baltic and North seas and Germany. Its capital is Copenhagen, which is situated on Zealand. It is about 43,000 square kilometers and has a population of about 5.4 million, of whom about 1.8 million live in the Copenhagen metropolitan area. Greenland, most of which is covered by the polar ice cap, is approximately 2.175 million square kilometers. It has approximately 57,000 inhabitants and its capital is Nuuk. The Faroe Islands consist of 18 islands with a total area of about 1400 square kilometers. The islands have approximately 48,000 inhabitants and the capital is Torshavn. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are self-governing overseas administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Denmark.
47. The Kingdom of Denmark was first organized as a unified state in the tenth century and it became a constitutional monarchy in 1849. Queen Margrethe II is the sovereign of Denmark. There is a parliamentary democratic system of governance. The sovereign and the Parliament make up the legislature. The Parliament has 179 members who are elected for a maximum term of four years and are eligible for re-election. Both Greenland and the Faroe Islands are self-governing and are represented in the Danish parliament by two members.
48. The legislative branch in Denmark consists of a 179-seat unicameral Parliament called the Folketinget whose members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Of the 179 seats, two members are from Greenland and two are from the Faroe Islands. In addition, Greenland has a unicameral Parliament, the Landstinget, which has 31 seats with members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms, and similarly, the Faroese Parliament or Logting has 32 seats with members elected by popular vote for four-year terms. The head of the government in each jurisdiction is the Prime Minister who appoints the cabinet. Since 1973, Denmark has been a member of the EU. Neither Greenland nor the Faroe Islands are members.
49. For Denmark, the Folketinget has exclusive jurisdiction to enact criminal laws. The government presents bills to the Parliament including “explanatory notes.” Explanatory notes are recognized as a source of proper interpretation of the law and are used widely by the Danish courts when interpreting the law. A growing proportion of legislation operative in Denmark is enacted by the EU. Some of these laws apply directly, without prior sanction by the Folketinget, while others must be implemented in Danish legislation before they can take effect.
50. Denmark has an independent judiciary. Judges are appointed by the Queen upon recommendation from the Minister of Justice, who is advised by the Judicial Appointments Council. The Constitution guarantees judges independence from the government and the Parliament. A judge can be removed from office only by order of the Special Court of Indictment and Revision. There are 82 County Courts, the Maritime and Commercial Court of Copenhagen, two high courts and the Supreme Court. On the Faroe Islands, there is the County Court for the Faroe Islands and in Greenland there is a High Court and 18 regional Magistrates Courts. Denmark has no constitutional court. Ordinary courts may determine whether a law is in accordance with the Constitution, to which all other laws are subordinate, and the matter may be heard in the last instance by the Supreme Court.
51. Denmark is a modern market economy and its standard of living is reputed to be among the highest in the world. As in most other highly developed economies, services contribute the biggest share of total GDP. Industry contributes the second biggest share. Denmark contributes about one percent of its gross national income to foreign aid. Denmark is a net exporter of energy and food and has a balance of payments of surplus.
52. Greenland, the world’s largest island, is about 81 percent ice-capped. With the closure of the last of Greenland’s lead and zinc mines in 1989, Greenland’s economy is dependant upon its fishing industry and Danish grants. Grants from Denmark and EU fisheries payments make up a significant part of the revenues for Greenland’s home rule government. The Faroe Islands also depend upon fisheries and related exports, and receive a subsidy from Denmark.
53. Danish authorities indicate there is no history of significant organized crime in Denmark. With relatively low levels of crime domestically, Danish law enforcement indicate they remain vigilant for changes in criminal patterns internally and for infiltrations of proceeds of international criminal activity into the Danish financial or other institutions.
54. Denmark is not a major financial center and, although authorities do not believe Denmark is very often viewed as a particularly attractive place for criminals to place criminal proceeds, there have been some instances of placement of proceeds in banks in situations where neither the victim nor the perpetrator resided in Denmark. Corruption is not a major problem in Denmark. The 2004 Corruption Perceptions Index issued by Transparency International ranks Denmark as the third least corrupt country in the world.





























